Objective: This study was designed to analyze the relationships between adolescents’ perceptions of the implementation of family health duties and their smoking behaviors in Depok, Indonesia. Methods: A quantitative, observational, cross-sectional analysis was carried out in one urban village. The sample of 310 adolescents was selected by using the stratified random sampling technique. The instrument (questionnaire) used in this study was developed by the researcher based on a literature review to measure the family health tasks and assess the smoking behaviors with the characteristics of the respondents. Results: In total, 59.4% of the respondents were smokers, and 52.6% of the families could not carry out the health tasks. A chi-squared analysis (p = 0.043, odds ratio = 1.645) and multiple logistic regression analysis determined that the overall implementation of the family health tasks was most dominantly correlated with non-smoking behavior (OR = 2.627). Conclusion: The families who could not implement all of the family health tasks tended to have adolescents who smoked. © 2019 Elsevier España, S.L.U.