BackgroundThe increase in the older adult population has resulted in an epidemiological transition—namely, a shift in disease patterns from infections and nutritional disorders to degenerative diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and coronary heart disease. Disorders due to other decreased functions that often occur in older adults are also related to cognitive function. The purpose of the study was to analyse the effects of risk factors and disease history on the cognitive level of older adults in nursing homes.