Rapid development in digital technology has brought a new phenomenon of industrial revolution, generally called by Industry 4.0. This revolution introduces modern technologies which support the connectivity of the entire components within the industries. However, connectivity is not the only advantage that will follow – the concerns aim to support sustainability in industry. The United Nation Industrial Development Organization has set the relevancy of Industry 4.0 and sustainability in the global Sustainable Development Goals number 7 and 9 that digital industrial development will support the growth of industrial sustainable energy. Therefore, the implication will surely be affecting every country with different significance, including one of the emerging industry country, Indonesia. In response to that, Indonesia is currently framing the roadmap to enter Industry 4.0 era, Making Indonesia 4.0. Pioneering the academia research of Industry 4.0 in Indonesia, this research aims to figure out the systemic impact of Industry 4.0 technology development and implementation to sustainable energy transition in developing countries, which eventually needs a valid model conceptualization that acts as a standard for further researches. The output of this research is a model conceptual diagram, in a form of causal loop diagram, that would help a better understanding of variables that support the integration of Industry 4.0 and industrial sustainable energy in Indonesia. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.