BackgroundThe treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) requires the long-term administration of multiple second-line drugs in combination therapy.ObjectiveWe investigated the ADRs to a 9-month all-oral regimen (i.e., pyrazinamide, ethambutol, high-dose isoniazid, levofloxacin, bedaquiline, and clofazimine) and a longer 18-months regimen (i.e., levofloxacin, bedaquiline, linezolid, clofazimine, and cycloserine) for MDR-TB during the first 4 months of treatment.MethodThe patients in this cohort study were recruited from three referral hospitals in Indonesia. The inclusion criteria were patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with MDR-TB who received either the 9-month all-oral or 18-months regimens. We used the causality assessment categories from the WHO–Uppsala Monitoring Center.ResultsA total of 60 patients were included in this study. The ADRs included nausea and/or vomiting (48.3 …