Orbital pipe welding (OPW) is critical for SS316L piping systems, but achieving consistent quality is challenging due to gravity and parameter sensitivity. This study evaluates the influence of weaving speed and torch height on the mechanical properties and microstructure of SS316L OPW joints. Welding was performed using weaving speeds of 0.150, 0.155, and 0.161 mm/s with torch heights of 2 mm and 3 mm. Weld bead width, tensile strength, and microstructure were analyzed at four pipe positions (0°, 90°, 180°, 270°). A weaving speed of 0.155 mm/s produced the most uniform bead width. A speed of 0.161 mm/s at 0° yielded the ultimate tensile strength of 489.2 MPa (76.6% of base metal). The 90° position exhibited the most stable microstructure. Precise control of weaving speed and torch height is essential to optimize the structural integrity of orbital-welded joints. © The Indian Institute of Metals - IIM 2026.