GDF-15, Galectin-3, and sST2 as Biomarkers for Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Systematic Review
Penulis:Â Yanni, Mefri;Â Ali, Hirowati;Â Soesanto, Amiliana M.;Â Darwin, Eryati
Informasi
JurnalJournal of Applied Bioanalysis
PenerbitGreen Publication
Volume & EdisiVol. 11,Edisi 3
Halaman674 - 683
Tahun Publikasi2025
ISSN2405710X
Jenis SumberScopus
Abstrak
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe and progressive illness with increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), which will ultimately cause failure of the right heart and ultimately early mortality if not treated appropriately. Early diagnosis and correct clinical profiling of PAH are critical for high-risk patients with severe cardiovascular problems. Simple, non-invasive tests are needed that are easily accessible for the diagnosis and staging of the illness. The aim of writing this systematic review is to evaluate the potential of biomarkers such as soluble ST2 (sST2), galectin-3 (Gal-3), and growth differentiation factor-15(GDF-15) in detecting right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in individuals with PAH. A literature search in MEDLINE(PubMed) was performed up to January 2024. Based on 10 studies that fulfilled the criteria, increased sST2, Gal-3, and GDF-15 serum were associated with reduced RV function in PAH patients. The biomarker sST2 generally shows positive correlations with RV function parameters. Inhibition of Gal-3 function will reduce the increase in right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and reduce RV hypertrophy. Although Galectin-3 displays mixed results, with some studies showing negative correlations with RV function, this biomarker exhibited a potential association with RV dysfunction. Elevated GDF-15 can also predict right heart function in patients with PAH with limited correlations. The available data shows the potential of sST2, Gal-3, and GDF-15 as biomarkers in the detection of right ventricular dysfunction in PAH patients. © 2025, Green Publication. All rights reserved.
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