Electrochemical sensor based on a nanocomposite of graphene/TiO2/gold nanoparticles for sensitive detection of bisphenol A

Penulis: Widyasari, Alifa; Heryanto, Rudi; Wahyuni, Wulan T.; Putra, Budi R.; Aris, Asmi
Informasi
JurnalChemical Papers
PenerbitSpringer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Halaman -
Tahun Publikasi2026
ISSN03666352
Jenis SumberScopus
Abstrak
Bisphenol A (BPA), a primary component of polycarbonate plastic, is prone to leaching into food and drink, posing significant health risks to humans. To address this, the current study developed a high-performance electrochemical sensor utilizing a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a graphene/titanium dioxide (TiO2)/gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) ternary composite. Morphological characterization confirmed the successful fabrication of the material, revealing a uniform blend of hexagonal graphene sheets, square TiO2 particles, and spherical Au nanoparticles. Electrochemical analysis by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) showed that the modified GCE significantly enhanced the BPA oxidation current compared to the bare electrode. The sensor achieved exceptional analytical performance, featuring a wide linear range of 1–300 µM, a sensitivity of 0.5747 µA µM−1, and a remarkably low detection limit of 0.04 µM. Furthermore, the platform maintained its integrity in the presence of common interferences, such as bisphenol S, melamine, NaNO3, NaCl, phenol, and ascorbic acid. Practical applications in baby milk bottles yielded recovery rates of 96–101%, validating the sensor’s robustness and its potential as a reliable tool for real-world BPA monitoring in consumer products. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2026.
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