Background: Anaemia is a significant global health issue impacting pregnant women, potentially leading to adverse birth outcomes. To mitigate maternal and infant mortality complications, it is crucial to investigate the determinants contributing to maternal anaemia systematically. Objectives: To identify the primary determinants of maternal anaemia in Indonesia. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to examine the determinants of maternal anaemia in Indonesia, focusing on articles published between 01 January 2014 and 31 December 2023. Research databases, including Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and additional manual searches, were used. Articles were selected using MeSH terms and relevant keywords, targeting a population of pregnant women within analytical observational studies. Results: A total of 22 articles met the inclusion criteria. Bivariate and/or multivariate analyses identified 29 statistically significant variables (p < 0.05) associated with maternal anaemia. There were five major determinants significantly related to maternal anaemia in Indonesia. Conclusion: The educational level of pregnant women, Body mass index (BMI) or nutritional status of pregnant women, parity, chronic energy deficiency (CED) status, and maternal age were the main determinants of maternal anaemia in Indonesia. © Annals of Health Research.