Background & Objective: Virtual Reality (VR)-based simulation is increasingly recognized as a promising educational tool to address limitations in conventional training for Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART), such as ethical constraints, limited patient availability, and uneven procedural exposure. In Indonesia, access to structured training in Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) and Embryo Transfer (ET) remains limited. This study explores the needs, challenges, and gender-related perspectives surrounding the implementation of VR-based ART training. Materials & Methods: An exploratory sequential mixed-methods design was applied. The qualitative phase used two Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with 15 obstetricians and gynecologists and residents. Findings from the FGDs phase informed the development of a structured questionnaire used in the quantitative phase. The quantitative phase involved an online survey of 100 obstetrics and gynecology doctors and residents. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were examined using thematic analysis. Results: Two themes and six sub-themes emerged from the qualitative data: (1) needs toward VR-based ART training, and (2) challenges in VR-based ART training. Quantitatively, over 80% of respondents had no prior VR training experience, although most expressed positive attitudes toward VR as a supplemental educational tool. Gender differences were identified, with male respondents reporting greater confidence in VR’s practicality, interactivity, and ease of use, while female respondents more often expressed neutral or cautious agreement. Conclusion: VR-based ART training holds significant potential to strengthen IUI and ET training in Indonesia, particularly by providing safe, standardized, and repeatable practice opportunities. However, successful implementation requires culturally sensitive planning, investment in infrastructure, gender-responsive design, and regulatory support. Addressing identified challenges early will be key to scalable and sustainable VR integration into medical education.Despite favorable attitudes toward palliative care, the lack of knowledge, particularly in conceptual and psychological domains, should be addressed. The findings highlight the necessity of palliative care training in internal medicine residency programs. © 2026 Zanjan University of Medical Sciences.