Cervical cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with most cases in Indonesia diagnosed at a locally advanced stage. Although concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment, response varies. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), particularly oncogenic miR-92a and tumor suppressor miR-125b, may contribute to treatment resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the association between miR-92a and miR-125b expression and chemoradiotherapy response in locally advanced cervical cancer. This single-center retrospective cohort study included patients with stage IB3–IVA cervical cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy between 2019 and 2025. miRNA expression levels were measured from pretreatment tumor biopsy specimens. Poor response was defined as incomplete response or disease progression after treatment. Appropriate comparative, predictive, and survival analyses were performed. Sixty-eight patients were included. Poor response was significantly associated with underweight body mass index, elevated miR-92a, and reduced miR-125b expression (p < 0.05). High miR-92a and low miR-125b expression were also associated with shorter overall survival (p < 0.001). A combined model incorporating BMI, miR-92a, and miR-125b showed good predictive performance. Elevated miR-92a and reduced miR-125b are associated with poor treatment response and worse survival. These miRNAs may support risk stratification and treatment personalization in locally advanced cervical cancer. © 2026 by the authors.