Carbon-based membranes have become increasingly important for environmental and energy applications. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of innovative synthesis techniques used to produce high-performance carbon-based membranes, focusing on their unique mechanisms and resulting properties. We discuss and compare key fabrication methods, including Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), pyrolysis, and the sol-gel process, highlighting their distinct starting materials, processing environments, and heat controls. While each method produces carbon-rich structures, they allow for precise control over key parameters that define membrane performance, such as pore structure, purity, and morphology. Furthermore, we address the significant challenges related to large-scale production and cost efficiency. By analyzing these synthesis approaches, this chapter underscores their importance in tailoring carbon materials for specific applications and demonstrates their continued relevance in the future of membrane technology. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2026.