Objectives: This study aims to (1) explore the job duties of nurses working in the mining sector, (2) identify the competencies they require to perform their roles effectively, and (3) examine organizational factors that influence their ability to provide occupational and public health services in the Indonesian mining industry. Design and Methods: An exploratory descriptive qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured focus group interviews to investigate the participants’ experiences and expectations regarding their roles and educational needs within the mining industry. Sample: Occupational health nurses (OHNs) (n = 20) working in Indonesian mining sector representing different professional categories participated in semi‑structured focus group discussions (FGDs). Results: The analysis produced three overarching categories: (1) diverse public health roles and responsibilities in mining by OHNs, (2) obstacles and challenges experienced in delivering occupational health services, and (3) emerging competencies required to support workplace health and organizational productivity. Twelve themes were identified across these categories, highlighting substantial gaps between current practice demands and available educational opportunities. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that OHNs in the mining sector have expanded public health roles that often exceed their current training and routine duties. Strengthening continuing nursing education supported by the development of a formal occupational health nursing (OHN) curriculum is urgently needed to build workforce capacity. Structured education and training models, delivered through both formal and nonformal formats, should focus on communication, health data management and reporting, counseling, managerial negotiation, and interprofessional collaboration. Enhancing these competencies is vital for advancing public health nursing practice in occupational settings and improving health outcomes and productivity among mining workers. © 2026 The Author(s). Public Health Nursing published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.