Objective: To evaluate the knowledge, perceptions, and preferences of Indonesian periodontists and resident students regarding the use of bone transplants in periodontal regeneration treatment. Material and Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study using questionnaires given to members of The Indonesian Society of Periodontology. Results: All respondents had various knowledge and preferences regarding using bone grafts in periodontal regenerative therapy. Oral hygiene and radiographic appearance are parameters that must be evaluated before regenerative procedures. The most widely chosen graft is the xenograft due to better results, biocom-patibility, and bioactivity of the material. Cost is the main reason why the respondents do not use bone grafts. Bone grafts are often combined with the GTR and membrane techniques, and the granular form is the most frequently used form of graft. Bone grafts are often used in periodontitis cases with vertical bone loss followed by implant placement. Conclusion: Xenografts are the most widely used bone graft material in Indonesia. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups' perceptions of using bone grafts in periodontal regenerative therapy. Respondents were more satisfied with using bone grafts than with other materials. © 2024 JDMFS. Published by Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University. All rights reserved.