One of the most common challenges faced by people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a low quality of life, particularly during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as they are considered a vulnerable group. This study aimed to examine the relationship between resilience, social support, and quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS during the pandemic. Conducted as a cross-sectional study, it involved 433 respondents. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire, with Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale-25 (CD-RISC-25), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and World Health Organization Quality of Life–HIV Brief Version (WHO QoL-HIV-BREF) as the study instruments. The results indicated that resilience and social support were significantly associated with quality of life (p = 0.000; p = 0.000). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified resilience as the dominant factor influencing quality of life in people living with HIV (OR = 59.533). Respondents with high resilience were found to have a 59.53 times greater likelihood of experiencing a good quality of life compared to those with medium and low resilience after adjusting for marital status, income status, and length of time since HIV diagnosis. Resilience plays a crucial role in determining a person’s quality of life. HIV patients who actively participated in foundation-based assistance demonstrated greater optimism and a more positive acceptance of their condition, enabling them to cope with difficulties better. © JKI 2025.