Biomass-derived biochar has recently emerged as a promising and sustainable precursor for graphene-like carbon materials due to its high carbon content, thermal stability, and tunable porous structure. During pyrolysis, biomass undergoes thermochemical decomposition that can promote the formation of aromatic carbon networks and partially ordered graphitic domains. However, the relationship between pyrolysis parameters and the structural evolution of biochar toward graphene-like carbon remains fragmented in the current literature. This review systematically synthesizes recent studies on the production of graphene-like carbon from biomass-derived biochar. Relevant publications were identified and screened following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework to ensure a transparent and structured literature selection process. Particular attention is given to the influence of key pyrolysis parameters—including temperature, heating rate, feedstock type, and reactor atmosphere—on carbon structural ordering, pore development, and aromaticity. In addition, widely used characterization techniques such as Raman spectroscopy (ID/IG ratio), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) are discussed to evaluate graphene-like properties in biochar. The reviewed studies indicate that pyrolysis temperature plays a dominant role in promoting aromatization and graphitic domain growth. Overall, controlled pyrolysis conditions are essential for tailoring biomass-derived biochar toward graphene-like carbon structures and enabling the development of sustainable graphene precursors. © 2026 Elsevier Ltd.