Finite element analysis of a hybrid carbon steel SS400 and aluminum alloy 6061 frame structure for a 70-passenger electric bus

Penulis: Haryanto, Budi; Sumarsono, Danardono Agus; Karmiadji, Djoko Wahyu; Adhitya, Mohammad
Informasi
JurnalAIP Conference Proceedings
PenerbitAmerican Institute of Physics, AIP Publishing LLC
Volume & EdisiVol. 3320,Edisi 1
Halaman -
Tahun Publikasi2025
ISSN0094243X
ISBN978-073545230-5
Jenis SumberScopus
Abstrak
The design and analysis of a hybrid frame structure, a combination of SS400 carbon steel and 6061 aluminum alloy, has been carried out on the University of Indonesia electric bus for a 70-passenger using engineering software. This electric bus is 12 meters long, 2.5 meters wide, and 3.7 meters high with a capacity of 70 passengers. The frame structure of this electric bus is composed of different profile sizes with 6061 aluminum alloy material on the side frame and roof, and SS400 carbon steel material on the lower frame structure or bus floor. Before manufacturing this bus, a finite element strength analysis was conducted using Nastran software to ensure structural strength and safety. This frame structure is modeled in beam elements, which are then discretized for each section using a meshing process. This finite element numerical simulation was carried out with several variations of dynamic loading, full vertical or horizontal bending load conditions, torsion load conditions, sudden cornering conditions, and emergency braking conditions. From the results of the finite element simulation, it was found that the highest stress value occurred under torsional loading conditions with a stress value of 200.4 MPa occurring in the lower frame made of SS400 carbon steel material and a deflection value of 32.31 mm occurring in the front roof frame made of aluminum alloy 6061 material. The maximum stress that occurs is still within the elastic range of the material, so the structure does not undergo any permanent deformation and does not meet the criteria for structural failure. © 2025 Author(s).
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