This chapter focuses on chalcogenides-based nanomaterials such as sulfur, selenium, and tellurium, which is combined with other elements to form binary, ternary, and quaternary materials. In this chapter, fabrication methods of binary, ternary, and quaternary chalcogenides-based nanomaterials were explained. Moreover, their characterization as nanomaterials such as structure, morphology, chemical composition, optical, and electrical properties were described. Also, this review chapter describes elementary information of each chalcogen element, the basic knowledge of chalcogenides nanomaterials and the description of quantum dots on chalcogenides materials as advanced applications.