Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are polymers secreted by microorganisms as a means of survival and adaptation to changing environmental conditions. This chapter provides an overview of the microbial biosynthesis of EPSs and the type and characteristics of 11 EPSs: alginate, cellulose, curdlan, dextran, gellan, hyaluronic acid, kefiran, levan, polyglucuronic acid, pullulan, and xanthan. Each of these EPSs has unique chemical and physical properties, which make them useful for various biomedical applications. In drug delivery, EPSs have been utilized as carriers for therapeutic agents, providing improved efficacy. In tissue engineering, EPSs have shown promise as scaffolds for cell growth and differentiation. In wound treatment, EPSs promote early inflammation and support cell proliferation and migration. This book chapter provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the potential of EPSs as biomaterials in the biomedical field and highlight their potential applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound treatment. Furthermore, this book chapter serves as a valuable resource for scientists and healthcare professionals interested in exploring the potential of EPSs in the biomedical field. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Parmjit Singh Panesar and Sanjeet Mehariya; individual chapters, the contributors.