The prevalence of end-stage renal disease patients in Indonesia is predicted to increase by the end of 2025. Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for end-stage renal disease, and the demand for kidney transplants is steadily increasing globally, including in Indonesia. However, organ transplantation and donation are debatable issues in the medical field, particularly when considered in conjunction with religious views. The Qur'an and Hadith do not directly discuss transplantation in Islam, prompting several interpretations and fatwas. Diverse ideologies, cultures, and beliefs also result in prospective differences. To address these differences, fatwas regarding the permissible conditions for transplantation have been issued by the Indonesian Ulema Council. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of Muslims and Islamic law on kidney transplantation in Indonesia. The study also includes comparative studies of Muslim perspectives from different countries. The findings provide an overview of Islamic law, the perspectives of religious scholars, and the perspectives of Muslims residing in Indonesia, as well as in other countries. © 2025, Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine. All rights reserved.