Averrhoa bilimbi L. is recognized for its rich phytochemical diversity however, the anti-tyrosinase potential of its fractions and the compounds responsible remain unexplored. This study aims to investigate the antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities of A. bilimbi non-polar to polar fractions using a bioactivity-guided approach and to characterize the major phytoconstituents of the most active fraction using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The leaf powder was macerated with ethanol and subsequently partitioned into n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions. Antityrosinase activity was determined using L-dopa as the substrate, and antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed that phenolic and flavonoid compounds were present across all fractions, while alkaloids and saponins were exclusive to the more polar fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction showed significantly higher phenolic (135.9 ± 1.30 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoid content (90.3 ± 0.14 mg QE/g extract), along with the strongest antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50 = 37.17 µg/mL; ABTS IC50 = 11.1 µg/mL; FRAP = 2410 µmol FeSO4/g) and the most effective tyrosinase inhibition (IC50= 1.502 ± 0.010 mg/mL), with all parameters differing significantly among the three fractions (p < 0.05). LC-MS profiling of the most potent fraction identified phenolic and flavonoid glycosides, including Biochanin A 7-O-rutinoside, Durantoside I and Coniferin, that have not previously been documented in this species. The results suggest that the high biological activity is linked to a synergistic action of these compounds concentrated in the ethyl acetate fraction. © 2026 Khudeja et al.