Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis: A Two-Year Descriptive Study in a Tertiary Hospital
Penulis:Â Nusanti, Syntia;Â Andini, Nadia Delima;Â Christian, Christopher;Â Azhari, Fierda Ovita;Â Alim, Angelina Riadi
Informasi
JurnalNeuro-Ophthalmology Japan
PenerbitNeuro-Ophthalmology Society of Japan
Volume & EdisiVol. 43,Edisi 1
Halaman64 - 72
Tahun Publikasi2026
ISSN02897024
Jenis SumberScopus
Abstrak
Introduction: Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a rare, life-threatening condition with a historically poor prognosis. It often arises from infections in the “danger triangle of the face,” spreading through venous connections. Advances in diagnostics and treatment have improved outcomes, but CST remains associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Methods: This descriptive retrospective study analyzed medical record data from emergency patients at the neuro-ophthalmology department of Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Center Hospital, Indonesia, between January 2022 and December 2023. Variables examined included demographics, clinical presentations, laboratory and radiology findings, treatments, and outcomes. Results: Over two years, eight CST patients, with a mean age of 48 years, presented with predominantly subacute onset (87.5%). Sinusitis (50%) and dental infections (37.5%) were the most common sources, with key symptoms including swollen eyelids (50%) and restricted eye movement (75%). All cases showed elevated CRP and D-dimer, with cavernous sinus enlargement. Treatments included intravenous antibiotics (ampicillin-sulbactam 75%), anticoagulants (75%), steroids (50%), and one case required exenteration. Despite aggressive management, three patients (37.5%) died due to sepsis and suspected pulmonary embolism, highlighting the condition’s severity. Conclusion: Early diagnosis, aggressive therapy, and individualized management are essential to improve outcomes in CST patients, though mortality remains high. © 2026 Neuro-Ophthalmology Society of Japan. All rights reserved.
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