This paper conducts a literature review to understand how people learn through self-organization from the lens of information and sociotechnical systems (IS/STS). Drawing from the IS/STS literature, self-organization is studied from the perspective of the collective behavior that emerges during the design, development, implementation, and ongoing use of information systems. Across this diverse literature, this study identifies three self-organization processes: governance, adaptation, and transformation. However, these processes are usually discussed separately in different contexts with different purposes. A large percentage of the literature focuses on discussing self-organization in the context of governance and adaptation. Only a few studies have discussed self-organization in the context of transformation. This paper synthesizes an initial self-organization framework by conceptualizing learning during the transition among governance, adaptation, and transformation. This study shows that although self-organization enables learning, it can create learning pitfalls. Future research directions are discussed in the paper to advance our understanding of how self-organization facilitates collective learning. © 2025 The Authors