Carbon-based membranes have emerged as one of the most important materials in various technological applications, especially in water purification, gas separation, and sustainable environmental management. This chapter will mainly discussed about the applications of carbon-based membranes, including current innovation in carbon-based membranes development, hybrid and composite membrane material integration, the utilization of artificial intelligence and computational modelling in carbon-based membrane designing, and its prospect and challenges. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2026.