PURPOSE: This paper explores the intricate relationship between livelihoods and environmental change, focusing on the impacts of climate change and conservation initiatives. The study delves into the key assets that underpin livelihoods, namely human, natural, social, physical, and financial capital. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: This study used a qualitative research methodology, more specifically, a literature review, to examine how environmental changes impact community livelihoods. FINDINGS: In response to these challenges, communities are adopting various strategies, including livelihood diversification, migration, and technological innovation. However, the effectiveness of these strategies is often influenced by factors such as access to resources, education, and social support networks. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Ultimately, addressing the complex interplay between livelihoods and environmental change requires a multi-faceted approach that involves policy-makers, researchers, communities, and other stakeholders. By understanding the underlying factors and implementing appropriate interventions, it is possible to build resilient and sustainable livelihoods in the face of environmental challenges. © 2025 World Association for Sustainable Development (WASD).